The Role of ACE2 in Blood Pressure and Hypertension: Insights from ACE2-Null Mice

الملخص

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a transmembrane protein that plays a crucial role in fluid balance, the regulation of blood pressure, and lung function. Alteration in ACE2 enzyme by various factors, including genetic factors, hormones, cytokines, and environmental stimuli that lead to the onset of cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, and atherosclerosis. It has a counter-regulatory function in developing comorbidities. Despite the extensive research conducted on ACE2, there is still a need for more specific research to address gaps in understanding. This review aims to explore the genetic factors and molecular mechanisms that regulate ACE2 and its role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and cardiovascular disorders. All the previous strategies that were used for preparing ACE2 null mice for research purposes are discussed in details. The inheritance pattern of hypertension associated with ACE2 is still unknown. In addition, the effect of overexpression of ACE2 effect brain-gut-lung communication in ACE2 null mice is not reported. Therefore, studies need to be done to fill these gaps and then to go for possible treatment. This review aims to address the existing research gaps and highlight the potential for future studies to enhance our understanding of ACE2. Ultimately, this knowledge could help to gain insight into the research gaps and to inform the development of new treatments for cardiovascular diseases, diabetic comorbidities, and related conditions.