Frequency of Upper Cross Syndrome and Its Association with Physical Activity in Undergraduate Students

Abstract

Background: Upper Cross Syndrome is a most common postural disorder characterized by various muscle imbalances in the upper body that lead to altered alignment and potential musculoskeletal pain. As undergraduate students often face these risk factors due to long hours of studying, sedentary behaviors, and academic pressures, it is essential to investigate the frequency of Upper Cross Syndrome (UCS) in this population and explore its association with physical activity. This study aimed to determine the frequency of upper cross syndrome and to find its association with physical activity. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study utilizing a non-probability convenience sampling method. A total of 384 undergraduate students, aged between 18 and 25 years, were included in the study. Data collection took place at different universities in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Postural grid assessment, inclinometer, and International physical activity questionnaire were used as diagnostic criteria. The data collected was then analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: The results obtained show that there is a significant correlation between physical activity and UCS. It was revealed that 120 participants, or 31.3% of the population, had the upper cross syndrome. All the affected participants were found to be minimally or insufficiently active, making them more prone to musculoskeletal conditions such as upper cross syndrome. 13.8 were active and had no UCS, 80.7 were minimally active and had UCS, and 5.5 were insufficiently active, of which 16 had UCS. Conclusion: The findings of the current study concluded a significant relation between physical activity and upper cross syndrome. Students who were minimally or insufficiently active exhibited a higher prevalence of upper cross syndrome than those who were physically active. This study indicates the importance of physical activity in reducing the risk of developing musculoskeletal conditions such as upper cross syndrome. These results suggest that a sedentary lifestyle and prolonged sitting can lead to postural imbalances and increased musculoskeletal discomfort.