Frequency of Risk Factors of Myocardial Infarction among Men and Women at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar

Abstract

Background: Myocardial Infarction is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world. Its Prevalence is specifically high in the South Asian countries. The developing countries share a large burden of this disease, accounting for more than 80% of the world’s burden. The primary objective of this study was to determine the proportion of male and female patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction (MI) at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. Additionally, the study aimed to identify the most common risk factors associated with MI, analyze their Prevalence across genders, and examine the age-wise distribution of these risk factors. Methods: The study was based on the cardiology and emergency departments of HAYATABAD MEDICAL COMPLEX, Hospital, Peshawar. 205 MI patients were included in the study. Verbal and written informed consents were received from all the participants. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. Results: The study included 205 patients, with 62% males (n=127) and 38% females (n=78). The age group with the highest Prevalence of myocardial infarction (MI) was 46-55 years (32.7%), followed by 66-75 years (28.8%) and 56-65 years (26.3%). Hypertension (69.8%) and dyslipidemia (64.4%) were the most common risk factors, followed by diabetes (49.3%), family history of MI (48.8%), smoking (22%), and obesity (21%). Hypertension was slightly more prevalent in females (73.1%) than males (67.7%), while smoking was exclusive to males (35.4%). Obesity and diabetes were more common in females. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a high prevalence of myocardial infarction among males, with the most affected age group being 46-55 years. Hypertension and dyslipidemia emerged as the most significant risk factors, with notable gender differences observed. Females showed a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, while smoking was exclusively observed in males. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to address gender-specific risk factors and promote early prevention strategies.